In his September 2, 1813 letter to Thomas Jefferson, John Adams reflects on classical philosophy and morality, using the Greek poet Theognis as a reference point. Adams provides his own translation of Theognis’ work, comparing it to that of Hugo Grotius, and discusses how wealth, virtue, and social standing have remained contentious issues throughout history. He expresses concern that power is too often tied to financial status rather than personal integrity. Adams’ musings highlight his deep appreciation for historical wisdom, his continued engagement in intellectual discourse with Jefferson, and the timeless struggle between material success and moral righteousness. He also warns that if a republic prioritizes wealth over virtue, it risks collapse.