The Jefferson Adams Letters

Episode 9: Thomas Jefferson to John Adams - March 21, 1813

Charles Jett

Thomas Jefferson’s letter of March 21, 1813, responds to John Adams’ skepticism about democracy and aristocracy. Jefferson expresses confidence in the ability of an educated populace to sustain a republic and argues that merit, not birthright, should determine leadership. He differentiates between a “natural aristocracy” of talent and virtue and an “artificial aristocracy” of wealth and privilege, warning that the latter was a significant threat to the republic. Jefferson champions public education and adaptability in governance as essential tools for ensuring democracy’s survival. Despite their differences, both Adams and Jefferson remained committed to preserving the American experiment in self-government. Their exchange highlights timeless debates about power, education, and the evolution of democratic ideals.